ARE Exam Resource Center

Attending a top architecture school not only provides you with a quality education but also offers elite networking opportunities, the use of state-of-the-art resources and facilities, and the ability to graduate with a prestigious degree from a world-renowned institution. If you’re thinking about earning your bachelor's or master's degree in architecture, we’ve listed some of the best architecture schools in the U.S. so you can see what sets them apart. Learn about the benefits of a career in architecture and how to choose an architecture school that’s right for you.

What is an architect?

An architect is a professional who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings and other structures. Architects receive comprehensive training and education in the artistic and technical aspects of building design. They can be self-employed, but many work for private firms or government agencies. Architects are involved in diverse projects depending on their specialization, ranging from small residential homes to complex public infrastructure. Architecture can be a fulfilling career with competitive salaries and unique opportunities to create enduring spaces and structures that will impact current and future generations.

Is architecture a good career path?

Ultimately, whether or not architecture is a good career path depends on your skills, interests, and goals. It’s important to research the profession so you understand the rigorous requirements and potential pitfalls of working in this field. There are many benefits to becoming an architect, including high earning potential. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects the employment of architects will grow 3% from 2021 to 2031. Despite limited employment growth, approximately 9,100 openings for architects are projected each year over the next decade. Architecture can also be a creative field with the opportunity to make a difference in people’s lives and positively impact the environment.

How much does an architect make?

The average annual salary for architects was $131,322 in 2023. The highest-paid architects make $202,000 annually across the U.S., and the lowest-paid earn $45,000. Many factors determine the salary for architects, including experience, education level, location, licensing, and specialty. The highest-paid architects typically work at large architectural firms in major cities across the U.S. Some top-paying architect careers include landscape architects, commercial architects, and retrofit (green) architects.

How do you become an architect?

The process to become an architect varies depending on the specialty you are pursuing (if any) and the state in which you are licensed. In general, you must fulfill three requirements to become a licensed architect: education, experience, and examination. Most architects have a bachelor’s degree in architecture, but many also have a master’s degree. Earning an accredited degree in architecture takes between five to seven years, on average. You gain hands-on experience by completing the Architect Experience Program (AXP). Lastly, all 54 jurisdictions in the U.S. require you to pass ARE® 5.0, demonstrating your knowledge and skills in the practice of architecture.

Preparing for ARE 5.0? Test your knowledge with a free ARE 5.0 Sample Quiz.

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What bachelor's degree is best for architecture?

Certain fields of undergraduate study can provide a strong foundation for a career in architecture. Below we list some common bachelor’s degrees beneficial for aspiring architects. No matter which architecture degree you pursue, ensuring your program is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) is important if you want to become licensed. Most U.S. licensing boards require that architects hold a professional degree from an NAAB-accredited program.

• Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.): This professional degree is one of the most popular for those preparing for a career in architecture. It provides a comprehensive education in architectural theory, design, construction, and building systems. B.Arch. programs take at least five years to complete.
  

• Bachelor of Arts in Architecture (B.A. Arch.): This degree program offers a broader liberal arts education with an emphasis on architectural studies. It provides an education in architectural history, theory, and design principles.
  

• Bachelor of Science in Architecture (B.S. Arch.): This degree program emphasizes the technical and scientific aspects of architecture. It provides an education in construction technology, building materials, and environmental sustainability. 

In addition to these architecture-specific degrees, there are a number of other bachelor’s programs that can prepare you for a career in architecture. These include:

• Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (B.S.): A bachelor’s degree in civil engineering can be beneficial for those pursuing a career in architecture. It provides a strong foundation of construction engineering, structural analysis, and building systems, which are crucial for designing safe and efficient structures.
  

• Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.): Earning a B.F.A. with a concentration in Architectural Design (or similar) can be a great stepping stone for a career in architecture. These programs combine the creativity of the fine arts with the technical discipline of architecture and urban design.
  

• Bachelor of Environmental Design (B.EnvD): The B.EnvD provides a comprehensive introduction to environmental design. If you’re planning to become an architect specializing in green design, this is a great bachelor’s degree program option.

It’s important to note that someone with a non-NAAB-accredited degree may also have to obtain an accredited M.Arch. degree to qualify for licensure in their state. Be sure to check your state's specific requirements so you know what kind of education you need to become a licensed architect.

How to Pass ARE 5.0

To become a licensed architect, you must first pass ARE 5.0 developed by the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB). The Architect Registration Examination (ARE) 5.0 is a comprehensive, multi-part exam designed to assess the knowledge and skills of individuals seeking architectural licensure in the U.S. The exam is divided into six areas of practice that have been deemed essential to protecting the public’s health, safety, and welfare. Passing the ARE is no small task, and it’s important to utilize ARE practice tests, study plans, and more to enhance your test prep. Get started by checking out PPI’s ARE Study Bundles.

Studying for ARE 5.0? Our NCARB-approved ARE 5.0 Exam Review includes advice, tips, and strategies to prepare you for exam day.

What can you do with a degree in architecture? 

Earning a degree in architecture opens doors to a wide range of professional opportunities. While most graduates who hold a degree in architecture pursue a career as an architect, an architecture degree can also be used in adjacent fields, like art or design. Below, we list some careers you can pursue with a degree in architecture.

• Architect (with many different subspecialties)

• Urban planner

• Drafter

• Project manager

• Interior designer

• Professor

• Artist

• Furniture designer

• Graphic designer

• Computer-aided design (CAD) designer

Criteria for Best Architecture Program

There are a lot of criteria to consider when evaluating best architectural programs. Here are the seven factors we focused on when compiling our lists:

1. Accreditation: Is the program accredited by the NAAB?

2. Faculty: Is the program taught by distinguished faculty who are renowned practitioners or scholars in the field of architecture?

3. Curriculum: Is the program’s curriculum comprehensive and well-rounded, striking a balance between theoretical knowledge and practical skills?

4. Facilities and resources: What is the quality of the facilities? Do students have access to state-of-the-art technology, tools, and libraries to enhance their learning?

5. Alumni network: Does the program have a strong alumni network with industry connections that provide mentorship and job opportunities? 

6. Ranking and reputation: Is the program highly ranked with a good reputation in the industry to bolster students’ resumes upon graduation?

7. Internship opportunities: Does the program provide opportunities to enrich students’ experiences and provide practical experiences while they’re still in school?

Top Colleges for Architecture in the U.S.

We have compiled a list of the top colleges for architecture in the U.S. in 2023-2024. Our list has been broken up into bachelor’s degree programs, master’s degree programs, and online programs for architecture.

Best Bachelor's Degrees in Architecture

Below, we list the best bachelor’s degrees in Architecture (B.Arch.) in the U.S. All featured programs are NAAB-accredited.

Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning (AAP)
Location: Ithaca, NY

The undergraduate architecture program at Cornell is one of the oldest and most prestigious in the U.S. The B.Arch. curriculum emphasizes design, theory, history, technology, representation, and structures. Students spend one semester of their third year studying abroad in Rome and also have the opportunity to study at AAP's New York City program. Concentrations are offered in Architecture, Culture, and Society; Architectural Science and Technology; History of Architecture; Architectural Analysis; and Visual Representation in Architecture. Graduates from Cornell’s B.Arch. program are competitive job applicants, especially for prestigious architectural jobs in New York City where the school has extensive connections due to its impressive alumni network. 

Rice School of Architecture 
Location: Houston, TX

The six-year B.Arch. program at Rice University is consistently ranked as one of the top architecture programs in the U.S. Rice Architecture’s 5-to-1 student-to-faculty ratio allows for individual attention with the resources of a top research university. B.Arch. students at Rice have the opportunity to participate in a yearlong paid practicum with top-ranked architecture firms in the U.S. and abroad. Rice University was also named Niche’s #1 Best College for Architecture in America in 2023 based on key statistics from the U.S. Department of Education and millions of reviews from students and alumni. 

Virginia Tech’s College of Architecture, Arts, and Design 
Location: Blacksburg, VA

The highly selective five-year B.Arch. program at Virginia Tech has a long-standing reputation for excellence in architectural education. The studio-based curriculum is taught by accomplished faculty that bring real-world experience to the classroom. The architecture program at Virginia Tech is enriched by other programs in the School of Architecture + Design (industrial design, interior design, and landscape architecture). Fourth-year B.Arch. students have the opportunity to participate in one of the extended-campus/off-campus programs in the U.S. and in Europe. The Professional Internship Program allows students to spend a semester gaining practical experience in an approved professional setting and receive 12 hours of academic credit. 

Syracuse University School of Architecture 
Location: Syracuse, NY

Syracuse's School of Architecture is the fourth oldest architecture school in the U.S. The B.Arch. program offers rigorous training in professional skills and sets graduates up for a successful career in architecture. Students take courses in technical and structural design, history, and theory in addition to interdisciplinary coursework at other colleges on campus. Syracuse’s state-of-the-art facilities include digital fabrication and computer labs, King + King Architecture Library, and an in-house architectural supply store. Syracuse Architecture has a strong commitment to global education and its Three Cities Program gives upper-level B.Arch. students the opportunity to spend a semester or summer studying in New York City, Florence, London, or in Asia. 

Cal Poly’s College of Architecture and Environmental Design 
Location: San Luis Obispo, CA

The architecture program at Cal Poly is one of the largest in the U.S. with over 850 full-time students. In fact, 1 in 5 architects in California and 1 in 20 architects in the country have graduated from Cal Poly’s Architecture Department. This extensive alumni network is a huge benefit to graduating students looking for connections, jobs, and mentorship. The B.Arch. program emphasizes hands-on learning and is amplified by interdisciplinary opportunities. Cal Poly places a strong emphasis on sustainable design practices, so if you are interested in sustainable architecture, you will have the opportunity to learn about environmentally conscious design solutions. In their fourth-year, B.Arch. students can take advantage of numerous off-campus programs both domestically and internationally. 

Best Master's Degrees in Architecture

Earning a master’s degree in architecture (M.Arch.) can take one to five years depending on your educational background and training. Below, we list some of the top schools for a master’s degree in architecture across the U.S. 

Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP) 
Location: New York, NY

Columbia GSAPP’s three-year M.Arch. degree program is regularly ranked as one of the top architecture graduate programs in the U.S. The curriculum is centered on the Architecture Design Studio and focuses on three pedagogical tracks: History and Theory, Visual Studies, and Building Tech. GSAPP is known for academic excellence, world-class faculty, and unique research opportunities. The school offers a range of specialized tracks and electives within the M.Arch. program, allowing students to tailor their education to their specific interests and goals. The program fosters a collaborative and dynamic design studio culture in which students can engage on hands-on projects, receive personalized feedback, and work closely with faculty and peers to develop their skills. 

MIT Architecture 
Location: Cambridge, MA

The three and one-half-year M.Arch. program at MIT (the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) is considered highly prestigious within the field of architecture. Students complete a three-term core program with complementary subjects in design skills, geometric disciplines, cultural and theoretical precedents, and materials and construction. As one of the most famous STEM schools in the world, MIT places an emphasis on technological advancements. Earning an M.Arch. degree at MIT provides students with unique research opportunities, connections via an influential alumni network, and the opportunity to learn from distinguished faculty. 

Princeton University School of Architecture
Location: Princeton, NJ

The School of Architecture at Princeton is a great choice for students looking to enroll in a challenging, but rewarding, master’s degree program. Princeton’s M.Arch. degree program has a professional and post-professional track, both of which focus on design expertise in the context of architectural scholarship. However, only the Professional Master’s Degree is NAAB-accredited. The School of Architecture at Princeton has a number of resources available to students, including cutting-edge research opportunities, a collaborative design studio experience, and more. Princeton is a globally-focused university and encourages students to study abroad and take advantage of its Summer Language Program which offers intensive courses in select foreign languages.

Yale University, School of Architecture
Location: New Haven, CT

Yale University’s School of Architecture offers two NAAB-accredited degree programs: a pre-professional M.Arch. degree and a non-pre-professional M.Arch. degree. The emphasis for both M.Arch. programs is on architectural design, critical thinking, and decision-making. As a prestigious ivy league school, Yale has no shortage of resources and networking opportunities for its students and graduates. Each student’s studio desk is equipped with a workstation with advanced software, labs, digital classrooms, and more. Many students choose to spend the summer before the final year studying abroad in Italy, Sweden, or at the New Lab at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Yale University itself is an inspiring backdrop for M.Arch. students with its rich architectural legacy featuring renowned buildings designed by prominent architects.

Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD) 
Location: Cambridge, MA

The NAAB-accredited M.Arch (and M.Arch. AP) at Harvard’s GSD is a rigorous and comprehensive program providing a strong foundation of knowledge in history, theory, technology, the social environment, and professional practice. It is one of the top architecture programs in the U.S. and offers its grad students an impressive lineup of fellowships, prizes, and travel programs. Harvard GSD has an accomplished alumni network and is recognized as a global academic leader in design fields. In fact, the GSD has the world’s oldest landscape architecture program, founded in 1893. 

Online Architecture Degrees

While some online architecture degrees are available, obtaining a fully accredited professional degree in architecture solely through online instruction is uncommon. Architecture is a hands-on and studio-based discipline that requires practical experience and collaboration with instructors and peers. Below, we list some of the few online architecture degrees available.

• Academy of Art University - Their School of Architecture offers accredited undergraduate and graduate degree programs which can be completed online or in a hybrid format.

• Lawrence Technological University - Their online M.Arch. program is NAAB-accredited and can be completed in under 15 months.
  

• Boston Architectural College - Their two-year online M.Arch program is NAAB-accredited and allows you to practice full-time in the profession, regardless of where you live and work.
  

• Rochester Institute of Technology - RIT’s NAAB-accredited online master of architecture program was created specifically for the online space and enables students to become qualified architects from wherever they live.
  

• Southern Illinois University -  SIU’s Master of Architecture degree is fully accredited and meets the education requirement to become a licensed architect in all U.S. states and territories. 

How to Choose an Architecture School

Ultimately, the best architecture program for you will depend on your individual goals and personal preferences. In order to make an informed decision, we recommend visiting campuses, consulting with professionals in the field, and determining your budget and how you will pay for college. Look for architecture programs with specialties that align with your interests. Ensure that your architecture school is accredited and consider the requirements for architect licensure in your state. Remember – success ultimately comes from you and not whichever school you attend!

What is an architect?

An architect is a licensed professional who plans and designs buildings and other structures and often oversees their construction. They undergo extensive training in the art and science of building design. Licensure is a requirement for architects as they are responsible for public safety. Architects work on a wide range of projects depending on their specialty which can include everything from building skyscrapers to schools. Architecture is a rewarding career path with competitive salaries and the unique opportunity to create innovative spaces that will benefit current and future generations.

What does an architect do?

Architects do much more than design aesthetically pleasing buildings. They are involved in every phase of a building’s construction, from its conception to the ribbon-cutting ceremony. On any given day, an architect might meet with clients, prepare construction documents, or visit a worksite. An architect’s specific responsibilities change from project to project, but common duties include:

• Consultation - Architects meet with clients to determine a project’s requirements, objectives, and budget.

• Design - Architects develop construction plans, which illustrate the structure’s appearance and outline the construction details. 

• Documentation - Architects use advanced computer technology, such as CAD, to translate their drawings into feasible designs.

• Construction - Architects oversee the construction of their structures and visit construction sites to ensure compliance with the architectural plans.

Architect vs. Civil Engineer

Architecture and civil engineering are similar professions with key distinctions. Both architects and civil engineers plan and design buildings. However, architects concentrate on the aesthetics of the structural work, including the look, feel, and functionality, whereas civil engineers focus on the structure’s safety. Architects and civil engineers often collaborate on projects, and both roles perform critical functions. Salaries for the two professions vary depending on factors like location and experience, but according to U.S. News & World Report, civil engineers earn a higher median salary than architects.

Skills Needed to Be a Successful Architect

Architects wear a lot of hats in their day-to-day work, so the skills needed to be successful as an architect are diverse. Some key skills you need to work as an architect include:

• Design skills - Architects must combine visual appeal with functionality and have a deep understanding of design processes.
  

• Numerical skills - Architects are responsible for designing safe and functional buildings, so they must possess an advanced understanding of math concepts, such as geometry and physics.

• Problem-solving - Problems will inevitably arise during architectural projects. Being able to resolve design-related problems or legal issues is a crucial skill for architects.
  

• Attention to detail - While attention to detail is important for most careers, it is especially critical for architects. Even the smallest miscalculation or overlooked detail can set a project back months.
  

• Communication - Architects work within a team and often collaborate with experts in related fields. Strong interpersonal and communication skills will help architects effectively interact with others on the job.
  

• Teamwork - Architects must collaborate with internal and external teams to complete a project. The ability to work well with others, whether it’s with clients, contractors, or construction managers, is another important skill for an architect.
  

• Leadership skills - Architects have to take ownership of their projects and often manage junior architects and other contractors. Strong leadership skills will help architects motivate their teams to do their best work.

How long does it take to become an architect?

How long it takes to become a licensed architect depends on various factors, including your location and which degree program you choose. Architecture degree programs can take five to more than seven years to complete. According to data from the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB), the average licensure candidate who completed their final requirement in 2020 took 12.3 years. 

How to Become an Architect

Requirements to become an architect depend on where you’d like to be licensed and the specialty you are pursuing. In general, you need to fulfill three requirements to become a licensed architect: education, experience, and examination. Below is the step-by-step process for becoming an architect.

1) Earn a degree from an accredited architecture program

The first step to becoming a licensed architect is to earn a degree from an accredited architecture program. There are two options for earning an architecture degree. The fastest way to become an architect is to earn a five-year undergraduate degree in architecture, known as the B.Arch. Alternatively, you can complete a two or three-year master’s program in architecture, the M.Arch, after earning an undergraduate degree in any subject. Whichever path you choose, ensure your program is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB).

2) Gain work experience hours in an architect internship

All U.S. states require architecture students to participate in an internship known as the Architectural Experience Program (AXP). During the AXP, interns work under a professional architect and get exposure to processes, technology, and all the other technicalities involved in the profession. The intern will need to document a total of 3,740 required hours across six areas:

1. Practice Management

2. Project Management

3. Programming & Analysis

4. Project Planning & Design

5. Project Development & Documentation

6. Construction & Evaluation

The AXP is an excellent way for architecture candidates to learn about the daily realities of working as an architect, make professional connections that may lead to job opportunities, and refine their career goals.

3) Pass the architect licensure exam

The final step to earning licensure is passing the Architect Registration Examination, or ARE, developed by NCARB. This multi-division exam tests your skills and knowledge of architecture. The current version of the exam is called ARE 5.0 and features six divisions. These divisions may be taken in any order but must be passed within five years to qualify for architecture licensure. Visit Kaplan’s ARE Exam Resource Center to learn more about the ARE 5.0.

Studying for ARE 5.0? Our NCARB-approved ARE 5.0 Exam Review includes advice, tips, and strategies to prepare you for exam day.

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4) Apply to become a licensed architect

Once you’ve completed all the requirements for licensure, you can apply to get your license. It is illegal to call yourself an architect or perform architectural services in the U.S. without an architectural license. The basic process for obtaining your license is similar in all states and territories, but requirements do vary. Be sure to check your state’s licensing requirements to get the most current details and procedures. You’ll need to transmit your NCARB record, submit an application, and pay the required fees to the jurisdiction where you would like to be licensed. 

5) Apply for architect positions

After earning your licensure, you can apply for architecture jobs. You may already have a job lined up through connections you made during your AXP, but if not, you can see opportunities on job boards like Indeed or Glassdoor. There are several different career paths for architects which are detailed below. Experienced architects can choose whether they work for a firm or be their own boss and start a private practice.

6) Earn an NCARB certification 

Licensed architects can earn additional certification through NCARB to advance their careers and qualify for new employment opportunities. This is an optional credential that more than 45,000 architects have chosen to pursue. Benefits of earning NCARB certification include free continuing education courses, the right to add the “NCARB” credential in your title, and the ability to apply for reciprocal licensure in all 55 U.S. jurisdictions.

7) Consider a master's degree in architecture

If you’ve already earned your five-year B.Arch degree, you do not need to pursue a master’s in architecture to become a licensed architect. Most B.Arch graduates choose to enter the job market immediately after completing their undergraduate degree. However, earning a master’s degree in architecture (M.Arch) is a great choice for architects who want to work in a research or teaching capacity. Individuals looking to switch to a career in architecture can supplement their undergraduate education with a master’s in architecture. The M.Arch can take one to three years to complete, depending on the student’s undergraduate degree. 

What degree do you need to become an architect?

To become a licensed architect, you need a professional degree accredited by the NAAB. You can earn a five-year undergraduate degree in architecture, the B.Arch, or after completing an undergraduate degree, you can pursue a master’s degree in architecture, the M.Arch. Some students choose to earn both the B.Arch and the M.Arch; however, this is not a requirement for licensure. If you have a four-year bachelor’s degree in architecture or another discipline, you can earn an M.Arch and qualify for architecture licensure.

What courses are needed to become an architect?

Architects are highly trained professionals, and there is a wide range of courses a student will need to complete to earn a degree in architecture. Prospective architects can start preparing for their careers as early as high school. While most high schools lack programs specific to architecture, taking AP courses in subjects like calculus and physics will help you build a strong foundation for the rigorous coursework ahead of you. During an undergraduate program in architecture, students take courses like design, freehand drawing, history of architecture, environmental systems, and advanced mathematics. A post-graduate program in architecture will build on those courses.

Do you need a degree to become an architect?

Most U.S. states and territories require a degree to become an architect. However, in some U.S. states, you can become an architect without a professional degree in architecture. For example, Hawaii, Colorado, and Washington don’t require formal education in architecture. To work as an architect in these states, you must have intensive work experience and pass a licensing exam. Experts recommend having a formal degree in architecture as it will help you qualify for licensure more quickly and can improve job prospects.

How do I become an architect without a degree?

Becoming an architect without a degree is possible in some U.S. states. The first thing to do is to check your state’s licensing requirements to see if you can qualify for a license without holding a degree in architecture. Aspiring architects without a degree will have to complete the AXP, pass the ARE 5.0, and have additional years of experience to obtain their license. 

An alternative way to be eligible to practice architecture is to complete NCARB’s Education Alternative program. NCARB offers two options for qualified candidates. Both paths enable architects to satisfy the education requirement for NCARB certification. 

1. Two Times AXP: Document double the hours of the AXP’s requirements, a total of 7,480 hours.

2. NCARB Certificate Portfolio: Submit a portfolio of your work to NCARB that demonstrates your learning through your experience as a registered architect.

Architectural registration, licensure, and certification

Architectural registration, licensure, and certification are often confused. Below we break down what you need to know about each of these credentials.

• Architectural registration - To qualify for architectural licensure, you must first pass the Architect Registration Exam, or ARE. The current version of the exam is called ARE 5.0 and is developed by NCARB.
  

• Architectural licensure - Your state licensing board will grant you a license to practice architecture after you meet all their requirements.
  

• Architectural certification - Certification is granted by NCARB. This is an optional credential you can complete after earning licensure. NCARB certification offers additional benefits that will help you advance your career in architecture.

Architecture Career Outlook

The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that the job outlook for architects between 2020-2030 should increase by 3%. This is slower than the average rate for all occupations. Despite the limited employment growth, there should be 9,400 job openings for architects each year over the decade. Furthermore, job security for architects tends to be better than the national average for other occupations.

Preparing for ARE 5.0? Test your knowledge with a free ARE 5.0 Sample Quiz.

Architecture Salary Potential

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for an architect was $82,320 in 2020. Depending on location, education, and experience, architects can make $63,420 to $106,680 annually. U.S. News & World Report lists the District of Columbia, New York, and Minnesota as the best-paying states for architects.

Pros and Cons of Becoming an Architect

As with any profession, there are pros and cons to becoming an architect. Architecture is a challenging but rewarding profession that attracts passionate and creative individuals. Here are some common benefits and challenges of being an architect: 

Pros

✔ Architecture is a respected profession with good income potential.

✔ Architecture offers a healthy mix of office work and hands-on work.

✔ Architects work in fast-paced and creative settings.

✔ Architects improve the lives and living spaces of other people.

Cons

✖ Clients can be demanding or hard to work with.

✖ Architects must complete rigorous and ongoing training.

✖ Architects work long hours and overtime is often unpaid.

✖ Working as an architect can be stressful and competitive.

Different Types of Architect Career Options

There are several different career paths that fall under the umbrella of architecture. If you’re considering a career in architecture, be sure to do your research so you choose the specialty that’s right for you and review the education requirements for each career path. Some different types of architect career options are listed below.

Residential Architect

Residential architecture is among the most popular career paths for architects. A residential architect specializes in the designing and building of homes for residential use, including single-family homes, townhomes, condos, and apartment buildings. Some of the world’s most famous architects, like Frank Lloyd Wright, worked in residential architecture, and their homes are now designated UNESCO World Heritage sites. Successful residential architects have the ability to think outside the box and are highly collaborative. They work closely with clients throughout the process, so having strong communication skills is essential for this career path.

Landscape Architect

Landscape architects plan, design, and manage public outdoor spaces such as parks, cemeteries, and campuses. Their goal is to create green spaces that are functional and aesthetically pleasing. These architects play an important role in environmental protection and assist with the restoration of natural places such as wetlands and streams. Landscape architecture is an ideal career for artistic and innovative individuals who appreciate nature and enjoy working with their hands. 

Commercial Architect

Commercial architects design larger commercial properties such as skyscrapers, schools, or anything that’s not a residential home. In some ways, commercial architecture is more complicated than residential architecture because commercial architects need to have a deeper understanding of building codes and engineering. Individuals who enjoy learning and are especially adept at business and computer literacy will thrive in this profession. Commercial architecture is an especially rewarding career because the buildings these architects create usually have a long legacy in the cities in which they are built. 

Interior Architect

Interior architects are licensed professionals who focus on the art and science of designing an indoor space. They possess strong interior design skills and technical knowledge of building methods and construction. Interior architects strive to make buildings beautiful and practical. Unlike interior designers, architects have to consider building codes, like plumbing and electrical systems, to make a safe and habitable living space.

Green Design Architect 

Green architecture is a philosophy of architecture that advocates for building with the environment in mind. Green design architects use sustainable energy sources, design efficiently to reduce energy use, and update existing buildings with new technology. They choose eco-friendly building materials and construction methods to safeguard the environment. For architects interested in creating spaces that minimize the harmful effects of construction projects, green architecture is a fulfilling career path.

ARE 5.0 Exam Divisions Order Map

• Keep up the studying momentum! Take the next planned exam, and get back to the one you didn’t pass after that.
• If you know you’ll need a break from studying after failing an exam division, plan on taking a two-month break. 
• Remember that the biggest danger is not that you fail an exam division but that you lose studying momentum due to long, unplanned breaks. You can do this! 

Sample ARE 5.0 Study Plan

Year 1: PcM, PjM, CE

Year 2: PA, PPD, PDD

Want the updated ARE content now?

While we are finalizing the print version of the Ballast book, we’ve already updated the content in our online eTextbook and web book in the PPI Learning Hub. For a limited time, when you preorder our print book series, you will also get instant access to the eTextbook copy of ARE 5.0 Exam Review, as well as access to the Learning Hub and Video for any exam division..

What exactly changed in the new edition?

The Detailed List: What Exactly We Updated

• Objective 1.1: Added focused content on professional development for licensed professionals
• Objective 1.3: Added content on general ethics information for the profession. Added content regarding NCARB’s Model Rules of Conduct as an additional resource
• Objective 1.4: Added material related to how to appropriately respond to unknown conditions affecting health, safety, and welfare of the public
• Objective 2.2: Added content related to conflict resolution and liability insurance for architects
• Objective 2.3: Added information to more comprehensively address the exam objective and add a depth of coverage
• Objective 4.2: Added specific information pertaining to evidence-based design. Added information to generally add a depth of coverage for this exam objective

• Objective 2.2: Added information to complement the client reviews and regulatory submissions graphics in the book
• Objective 3.2: Added information regarding payment schedules
• Objective 3.4: Added content regarding sequencing and integrating of a consultant’s work in the overall project
• Objective 4.1: Added information on budget information better connected to the project management division specifically, instead of solely referring to another chapter
• Objective 4.2: Added coverage of financing issues
• Objective 4.3: Added information regarding the standard of care and industry standards related to this objective
• Objective 4.4: Added more detailed content related to code issues/matters. Added information related to other jurisdictions potentially having authority over a matter or issue, such as fire and public works
• Objective 5.1: Added content to address the objective and add a depth of knowledge to address the objective
• Objective 5.4: Added a depth of knowledge and more advanced knowledge to address the objective

PA:

• Objective 1.1: Developed additional content directly related to the objective to ensure all topics were covered
  
• Objective 1.2: Added content on hazardous conditions and added references to FEMA/NFRIP FIRM maps
• Objective 1.3: Developed additional content directly related to the objective to ensure all topics were covered
• Objective 2.1: Added content on how to use codes
• Objective 2.2: Added depth of coverage to more adequately address this objective
• Objective 2.3: Added content to address this objective
• Objective 3.1: Added content related to utilities, access points, traffic patterns, and easements
• Objective 3.2: Added depth of coverage to more adequately address this objective
• Objective 3.3: Added material related to graphics
• Objective 4.1: Removed extraneous material regarding technologies
• Objective 4.2: Added material related to geotech, utilities, topography maps, demographics, and environmental data
• Objective 4.4: Added material regarding vertical relationships, conveying systems, atriums, and other multi-level issues
• Objective 4.5: Added material on the development of a preliminary project schedule and added specific examples. Deleted extraneous material not related to the objective
• Objective 4.6: Added information regarding schedules. Added coverage of relationships with other building systems. Added coverage related to civil, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
• Objective 4.7: Generally added more content to address the objective and specifically added information on bubble diagrams

PPD:

• Reorganized content across the entire division to better align with exam objectives and for better clarity of reading
  
• Revised detail to better apply the content to the exam objectives, particularly to address application and evaluation objectives
• Deleted extraneous material related to historical events Revised existing examples to better match the difficulty and complexity of questions found on the exam
• Objective 1.1: Added content regarding views, wind, topography, adjacencies, and how to site a building on a site. Deleted extraneous information not related to the exam objective
• Objective 1.2: Added content regarding the ability to determine and apply sustainability applications
• Objective 1.3: Added content regarding the character of site neighborhood, transit, amenities, and the scale of adjacent buildings. Added general content to cover the objective more fully
• Objective 2.1: Added content regarding regulations that govern standard and accessible parking. Added a general depth of content for this exam objective and how to apply the content to the objective
• Objective 2.2: Added information regarding how to compile into a code analysis. Added information regarding the application aspect of the objective. Generally added content to better cover the objective
• Objective 2.3: Added information regarding how multiple codes are used together and how to discern which code governs when a conflict arises. Added information on how to use codes together. Added information on energy and mechanical codes
• Objective 3.1: Added content regarding variable refrigerant flow. Added material on how to determine and select systems. Added information on waste piping
• Objective 3.2: Added information regarding the evaluation and selection of appropriate systems and cost-effectiveness of buildings. Added information on how to make a comparison between systems to determine what’s appropriate
• Objective 3.3: Added information regarding communications, fire suppression, and security
• Objective 3.4: Added material regarding how to evaluate and apply the content to the exam objective
• Objective 4.1: Added content to generally better cover the exam objective
• Objective 4.2: Added content to generally better cover the exam objective
• Objective 4.3: Added material regarding program requirements. Added content to generally better cover the exam objective
• Objective 4.4: Synthesized information regarding building materials to address the objective. Added content to generally better cover the exam objective
• Objective 5.1: Added depth of coverage to more adequately address this objective
• Objective 5.2: Expanded content to address being able to adjust the cost estimate
• Objective 5.3: Added depth of coverage to more adequately address this objective

• Objective 1.1: Added content on architectural systems and how to integrate and use architectural systems. Added detail regarding curtain walls, windows, and flooring
• Objective 1.2: Added content regarding electrical, plumbing, and HVAC. Updated content on mechanical systems
• Objective 1.3: Added content related to foundations
• Objective 1.4: Added material regarding conveying and security
• Objective 1.5: Added content to generally cover the exam objective
• Objective 1.6: Added material related to the coordination of activities
• Objective 2.1: Added content regarding assembly, drawings, and update of drawings
• Objective 2.2: Added content to generally cover the exam objective
• Objective 2.3: Added content to generally cover the exam objective
• Objective 2.4: Added content to generally cover the exam objective
• Objective 2.5: Added more definitions of actions associated with the objective. Material updated to address how to incorporate, determine, and recognize topics related to the exam objective
• Objective 3.1: Updated material to better explain what goes into specifications and what you exclude versus include
• Objective 3.2: Added a depth of coverage for this exam objective
• Objective 3.3: Added a depth of coverage for this exam objective
• Objective 4.1: Added a depth of coverage for this exam objective
• Objective 4.2: Added content to generally cover the exam objective
• Objective 5.1: Added a depth of coverage for this exam objective, as well as additional details and examples

2. Start Studying Early and Don't Study New Material the Day Before the Exam

3. Learn Concepts First, Details Later

Preparing for ARE 5.0? Test your knowledge with a free ARE 5.0 Sample Quiz.

4. Brush Up on Architectural History

5. Do a Dry Run With Practice Exams in PPI Learning Hub

6. Keep Your Five-Year Deadline in Mind When Scheduling Your Exams

Study Tips for ARE 5.0 

• Review the ARE 5.0 Handbook. The description of each objective (not just the title) gives a good idea of what topics you will be faced with and whether the questions will be the U/A (understand and apply) type or the more difficult A/E type (analyze and evaluate). In just a few sentences, NCARB gives a good summary of what you are supposed to be able to do with your knowledge.
• Then, try the problems from the ARE 5 Practice Exams and ARE 5 Practice Problems books or questions in the Learning Hub. You may want to try a random sampling rather than take an entire practice exam. Looking at the answers will give you a good idea of what you don’t already know. This can be a good way to pinpoint what areas you need to study more and those that you can leave for later.
• Read the problems carefully. Often the inclusion of a single word may change the correct answer. I think this is especially true for the “check-all-that-apply” types of questions. The set-up for the case study problems also requires careful reading and knowing what resource documents are available.
• On a check-all-that apply question, it is sometimes easier to eliminate the ones that are clearly not required.

Are you looking to become an official architect? If so, you will need to pass the ARE exam. Here is an overview of the ARE exam to help you prepare for this important career step.

What is ARE 5.0?

Preparing for ARE 5.0? Test your knowledge with a free ARE 5.0 Sample Quiz.

How is ARE 5.0 organized?

• Practice Management (80 items, two hours and 45 minutes test duration)
• Project Management (90 items, three hours and 15 minutes test duration
• Programming & Analysis (95 items, three hours and 15 minutes test duration)
• Project Planning & Design (120 items, four hours and 15 minutes test duration)
• Project Development & Documentation (120 items, four hours and 15 minutes test duration)
• Construction & Evaluation (95 items, three hours and 15 minutes test duration)

• Select one correct answer from four given options
• If you are unsure of what the correct answer is you should make an educated assumption. You will not be penalized for a wrong answer

Multiple Choice (Check-All-That-Apply)

• Select all the correct choices from the list by clicking on each one
• All of the correct answers (and only all of the correct answers) must be selected; there is no partial credit
• If you change your mind, click on a choice to de-select it

Point-and-Click (Hot Spot, or Mark Location)

• Click on a single target, or hot spot icon, to place on the base image in the correct location or general area
• If you change your mind, click again on your choice to unselect, or click on the new preferred answer

Drag-and-Place

• These questions may ask you to sort, rank, place, or label items. Confirm whether all items need to be chosen or moved, then be sure to sort, rank, place, or label each one
• After you have decided the proper sorting, ranking, placing, or labeling, click and drag an object to the target spot
• If you change your answer, you can move an object to a different open spot in the target area, or you can move it back to the starting area

Fill-in-the-Blank

• Read the answer specification carefully; it should state the number of decimal places for your numeric answer
• Compute your answer, then round if needed to the required number of decimal places (0-4, round down; 5-9, round up)
• Do not enter the units for your answer
• Do not spell out a number, like “four”
• If you change your mind, blank out the entire field before you enter another answer

Case Study

• May be multiple-choice, check-all-that-apply, hot spot, drag-and-place, or fill-in-the-blank
• You are able to click on browser-like tabs on top of the computer screen to go back and forth between the case study scenario and resource documents provided

Can I use my own calculator during the exam?

We asked ARE 5.0 examinee Richard H. Wilson some questions to help you study for the exam more efficiently.

Preparing for ARE 5.0? Test your knowledge with a free ARE 5.0 Sample Quiz.

• Imagine a client
• Write a contract
• Identify a program
• Pick a complex building site
• Research local codes
• Research building codes
• Design a building
• Then show off the results to your friends

What is most rewarding about being an architect?

What advice would you give someone pursuing a career in architecture?

What is the key to architecture success?

Can you tell us about an interesting project you have worked on?

What advice would you give an interior designer?

What career advice would you give a recently licensed architect?

If the mentor works outside of the candidate’s firm, this relationship becomes an opportunity for the candidate to ask questions about how other firms function, to learn about project types that their current employer may not pursue, and to have a third-party advisor who can help with tough questions like how to negotiate a raise or increased responsibilities, how to manage difficult work relationships, or when it is time to move to a new firm.

Preparing for ARE 5.0? Test your knowledge with a free ARE 5.0 Sample Quiz.

So how does an AXP candidate find a mentor?

• AXP supervisors can recommend colleagues or friends who may be willing to serve in this capacity.
• Contact the local chapter of the American Institute of Architects—particularly the Emerging Professionals Group or Young Architects Forum—which may maintain a list of potential mentors.
• Talk to consulting engineers, general contractors, and product representatives—they usually have contacts at multiple architecture firms in the area and may be able to suggest architects to contact.
• Use LinkedIn or other online networking tools to find experienced architects with shared interests.
• Check with your alma mater’s alumni association or career counseling office, who may be able to offer the names of other graduates practicing in your community.

• Attend local continuing education events, lectures, or workshops and make an effort to get to know attendees from other firms.

All mentors can help candidates by providing advice about studying for the ARE and deciding which divisions of the exam to tackle when based on their work experiences, navigating the state’s licensing paperwork and procedures, and supplementing their architectural education by pursuing other certifications. The early years of an architect’s career are the perfect time to bulk up a young professional’s resume with additional credentials, by taking the LEED Green Associate or LEED Accredited Professional exams, expanding their knowledge of interior architecture by obtaining an NCIDQ certificate, or improving their familiarity with building materials and specification writing by earning CSI Certifications.

Successful AXP supervisors understand that the first few years of a future architect’s career are a time for developing the tools they will use as licensed professionals and that these years bridge the gap between theory and practice. They recognize that the candidate will need guidance as they take on new responsibilities, time to learn new skills, and patience and counseling as they attempt, and possibly fail, at things they have never done before. Acting in this capacity for a younger licensure candidate, as a mentor or employer likely did for you at the beginning of your career, is a way to preserve the master/apprentice relationship that is integral to architectural education. The time commitment required for administrative duties is reasonable; expect to spend an hour or two each month checking in on the candidate’s progress, reviewing submissions, or offering advice.

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• In states where candidates are permitted to sit for divisions of the Architect Registration Exam while enrolled in AXP, encourage employees to take exams as soon as they become eligible. The experience shown on the employee’s work experience reports may inform which sections of the ARE the candidate should take first. Firms may also support young professionals by reimbursing exam fees or the cost of study materials.

• The AXP allows candidates to accrue experience in settings outside of the workplace, such as design competitions, community service projects, or through continuing education and certifications. When advertisements for these opportunities pass through your inbox, forward them to the candidate. If your firm’s budget allows, support these independent endeavors by allowing paid time away from the office or reimbursing registration fees after successful completion of a course or certificate program.

• If the AXP candidate is a recent graduate or new to your area, tap into your network to help them find a mentor. An AXP mentor is a registered architect who can offer counsel, experience, and encouragement to the candidate and allow them to get to know architects outside of their own firm.

2. Work Through the Exam Out of Order

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3. Leave No Question Behind—GUESS!

4. Visualize the Contract

5. Be Able to Apply Information

Do you offer internships? If so, how many?

What specific qualities and experience do you look for in an intern candidate?

Do you recommend students take the ARE 5.0?

What advice would you give recent graduates about to enter the architecture workforce?

Preparing for ARE 5.0? Test your knowledge with a free ARE 5.0 Sample Quiz.

What is a common mistake recent graduates make while applying to your business?

Can you share a recruiting secret or tip with us?

What do you find recent graduates are most surprised by when they enter the workforce?

What do you think will be the major changes in the interior field in the next five years?

How would you suggest recent graduates maximize their time with their mentors?

Is there anything else you'd like to share?

As they’re entering the field, I recommend getting involved in the industry somehow as a volunteer. I think it’s very important to give back to the design community, whether it’s through the AIA, ACE Mentoring, or Habitat for Humanity.

Preparing for ARE 5.0? Test your knowledge with a free ARE 5.0 Sample Quiz.

There is no requirement that a candidate satisfy all of the required hours in a specific practice area before sitting for the corresponding division of the exam, but reviewing the breakdown of work experience may offer insight into which sections of the ARE should come first.